import json<br /> if ‘id’ not in dest:<br /> dest[‘id’] = -1<br /> targetId = dest[‘id’]

if ‘to’ not in data:<br /> raise ValueError(“No target in given data”)<br /> if ‘data’ not in data[‘to’]:<br /> raise ValueError(“No data for target”)

json_string = “””{“a”: 1, “b”: 2, “c”: 3}”””<br /> a_dictionary = json.loads(json_string)</p> <p>b_in_dict = “b” in a_dictionary

b_in_dict = “b” in a_dictionary